Gambling is an activity wherein people risk something of value (like money or a tangible object) in the hope of winning something of greater value. While gambling is often associated with casinos and other forms of public gaming, it can also be done in private settings, such as playing card games with friends or placing bets with family members and friends. While some people enjoy gambling, others become addicted to the game and suffer significant adverse consequences from their behavior. These adverse consequences can be physical, emotional, social, and even financial.
In recent years, understanding of pathological gambling has undergone a remarkable change. In the past, individuals who experienced bad outcomes from gambling were seen as merely unlucky; today we recognize that they have psychological problems. This shift has been reflected and stimulated by the evolving clinical classification and description of pathological gambling in the various editions, between 1980 and 1994, of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about gambling and its causes. Research into the disorder has been limited, and there is a need for more research to help understand why some people develop a problem. A more complete picture of gambling disorders would also help to guide prevention efforts and the development of treatment interventions.
A number of theories have been put forward to explain why some people develop a gambling addiction. These include recreational interest, diminished mathematical skills, poor judgment, cognitive distortions, and moral turpitude. While many of these explanations are valid, there is a need to explore alternative explanations and models of gambling.
For example, some investigators suggest that the underlying problem may be due to a neurobiological disorder. This theory suggests that the chemical imbalances that cause substance abuse can also affect gambling. However, other researchers have questioned this link, and it is important to emphasize that the link between gambling and brain chemistry is only one of many factors involved.
Whether or not a person is suffering from an addiction, it is important to find ways to reduce the amount of time that is spent gambling. This can be achieved by setting a budget, creating a spending plan, and limiting the types of games that are played. It is also a good idea to talk to friends and family about how the game is affecting them, as this can be an effective way to get support and keep them informed.
The nomenclature used to describe gambling disorders needs to be carefully considered because research scientists, psychiatrists, other treatment care clinicians, and the general public all frame their consideration of the issue from different disciplinary and world views. This diversity has contributed to the misunderstandings and disagreements that surround this area of inquiry. As the French biologist Jean Rostand pointed out, “nothing leads a scientist astray as premature truth” (Rostand, 1939). Research in this area must continue with caution, recognizing that the field is still in its early days.
